Used for dating of ceramics, bricks, porcelains and terracotta. It can sometimes be used with lost-wax casting remains. The obtained date, expressed as a Gaussian distribution (age±error), refers to the last heating (>500°C) of the sample, usually associated with its firing.
RECOMMENDED SAMPLE SIZE |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
500 milligrams per sample |
1100 (3 samples from the same layer) |
It allows to check the compatibility of the luminescence signal with the supposed age.
RECOMMENDED SAMPLE SIZE |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
10 milligrams |
225 |
The technique is used to date sediments and ceramics with optimal amounts of quartz or feldspars. The obtained date, expressed as a Gaussian distribution (age±error), refers to the last exposure to light of the sample. It is successfully applied to samples with an age <500000 years. Mortar dating is currently a research topic, and it is not a routine service.
MATERIALS |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
Sediments, mortars (see Research section) |
860 |
It applies to a large variety of organic materials (see table). It is successfully applied to samples with an age <50000 years. Mortar dating is currently a research topic, and it is not a routine service. The results are reported as multimodal probability distributions (a series of equiprobable age ranges, spanning over periods of time depending on their error).
MATERIALS |
RECOMMENDED SAMPLE SIZE |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
| Antler | 1-4 grams | 480 |
| Bones | Depends on type of bone (non-heated, cremated) | 480 |
| Charcoal | 2-100 milligrams | 480 |
| Forams (pre-extracted) | 4-10 milligrams | 480 |
| Hair | 20-50 milligrams | 480 |
| Insect (chitin) | 10-50 milligrams | 480 |
| Leather | 50-100 milligrams | 480 |
| Organic Sediment, Gyttja, Silty Peat | 1-10 grams | 480 |
| Peat (fibrous) | 3-100 milligrams | 480 |
| Phytoliths (extracted) | 300 milligrams | 480 |
| Plants and Seeds | 3-100 milligrams | 480 |
| Pollen (extracted) | 20 milligrams if wet, 5-15 milligrams if dry | 480 |
| Shell, Coral, CaCO3 | 5-100 milligrams | 480 |
| Teeth | 1-2 teeth | 480 |
| Textile | 10-20 milligrams | 480 |
| Wood | 3-100 milligrams | 480 |
The technique allows to determine the growing period of a wood analyzing the pattern of the growth rings. For a reliable statistical analysis the sequence must contain at least 30 consecutive rings. If the sample is immovable, it is possible to take high resolution photos of the sequence (contact the laboratory for details) after the surface have been cleaned.
RECOMMENDED SAMPLE SIZE |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
Tranzversal wood section with at least 30 visible rings |
156 |
The technique allows to determine carbon, hydrogen , nitrogen and sulfur content in weight percentage in a sample. If the sample have to be stored in anhydrous conditions please contact the laboratory.
RECOMMENDED SAMPLE SIZE |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
2-3 milligrams for organic matrices 5-10 milligrams for inorganic matrices |
38.50 |
RECOMMENDED SAMPLES SIZE |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
300-500 milligrams |
1100 |
Isotherms: Mass change as a function of changing relative humidity, increasing mass during adsorption (increasing RH%), decreasing mass during subsequent desorption (decreasing RH%).
Kinetics: Time-dependent studies give the rate of sorption.
Effect of Temperature: Isotherms and kinetics change as a function of temperature. Can be used to yield sorption enthalpies.
Deliquescence: Certain salts exhibit the property of dissolving in selfadsorbed water.
Equilibrium moisture content: Quantitatively the amount of water associated (adsorbed/absorbed) with the material under given atmospheric conditions of temperature and relative humidity (organic materials may be subject to molding according to atmospheric humidity, for example).
Hysteresis working range: Adsorption and desorption usually differ by hysteresis - this gives a range of stability in which subsequent sorption cycles produce no change in equilibrium moisture content.
Hydrophobicity/philicity:
The shape of the isotherm reveals relative strength of affinity between water and the surface, due to polar or other chemical interactions.
Micropore investigations: Even hydrophobic materials can take up moisture if their pores are small enough.
Crystallization phenomena: Certain amorphous materials will undergo crystallization as a function of water sorption due to, for example, shifts in glass transition points.
Sample form: Sorption kinetics can be altered by the physical form of a material - powder, granule, pellet, tablet, monolith etc.
RECOMMENDED SAMPLE SIZE |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
<5 grams |
852 |
Surface analysis that returns a qualitative elemental analysis. Please contact the laboratory for service details.
MATERIALS |
PRICE (euro, VAT not included) |
Contact the lab |
200 |
Per informazioni:
Telefono: 0264485167
email: francesco.maspero@unimib.it, laura.panzeri@unimib.it